Breastfeeding to support maternal and infant health

August is National Breastfeeding Month, an annual observance dedicated to raising awareness of the benefits of breastfeeding, addressing common barriers to breastfeeding, and supporting babies and families through education and advocacy. Breastfeeding is beneficial not only to the health and wellbeing of infants but also to mothers, families, and communities.

Breast milk provides babies with optimal nutrition to support their growth and development and helps to protect babies against certain illnesses. The changes in the nutrient composition of breast milk over time meet babies’ unique needs. Research confirms that breastfed babies are at a lower risk of infectious disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and sudden infant death syndrome.

Breastfeeding also improves the physical and emotional health of mothers. Women who breastfeed are less likely to develop breast cancer, ovarian cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes and postpartum depression. Scientists are still learning about exactly how lactation helps to prevent cancer and some of the most aggressive tumors. What we do know is that biological changes that result from lactation, including changes to milk ducts, hormonal changes and changes to breast tissue make the breast more resistant to cancer.

“Breastfeeding is one of those beautiful, mutually beneficial experiences for both mom and baby, when it’s possible,” said Delali Degbey, Senior Program Manager at Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota. “Research shows that breastfeeding strengthens the immune system of both parties. The American Academy of Pediatrics supports that for moms, it can sustain postpartum recovery, reduce the risk of certain cancers, and help with shedding pregnancy weight. For babies, it lowers the risk of respiratory infections, gastrointestinal issues, asthma, diabetes, and even childhood obesity. It’s remarkable the powerful communication loop it creates between the infant and the mother’s body.”

Breastfeeding also supports the mental health of both mothers and babies, deepening their connection to one another and strengthening the mother baby dyad. The hormones oxytocin and prolactin play a critical role in breastfeeding. These hormones offer profound benefits to both mother and baby, including strengthening attachment and bonding, reducing maternal anxiety, and nurturing infant’s cognitive and emotional maturation.

Despite the extensive benefits of breastfeeding and greater scientific evidence demonstrating its positive health impacts, many women continue to face significant barriers and challenges when it comes to breastfeeding. Negative social stigma, lack of adequate maternal leave policies, misinformation, limited family and social support, and lack of support in the workplace all hinder rates of breastfeeding in the United States. National Breastfeeding Month strives to call attention to the barriers against breastfeeding and work to ensure that all mothers have the support they need to breastfeed successfully.

Increasing existing rates of breastfeeding benefits society at large and necessitates organized efforts from healthcare providers, policymakers, communities, and families. “First off, it’s important to remember that breastfeeding is a personal choice,” said Delali Degbey. “There should be no pressure or guilt if someone decides it’s not for them. That said, there are great resources out there to support moms who want to prepare for the journey. Start by talking to your care team. They can connect you with a lactation specialist. Also, check your insurance benefits; some plans include doula support, which can be a game-changer during pregnancy and postpartum.”

Mothers are more likely to breastfeed when they have support from their family and community members. Lactation consultants, midwives, doulas, along with community and peer-to-peer support are critical to empowering mothers and babies to breastfeed successfully. “Don’t underestimate the wisdom of other women in your life, moms, aunties, sisters who’ve been through it,” said Delali Degbey. “Mothers often feel isolated and shame breastfeeding but leaning into community or peer support can make a huge difference. And if you’re returning to work, check with your employer to see if there’s a designated lactation room where you can pump and store milk comfortably.”

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) along with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that mothers exclusively breastfeed their babies for the first 6 months. Then, continue breastfeeding for up to 2 years of age or longer while introducing appropriate complementary foods. All mothers should have access to the education and support they need to breastfeed for as long as they wish.

Increasing awareness of the health benefits of breastfeeding and creating supportive environments for breastfeeding mothers are invaluable investments in our collective future. “At its core, breastfeeding is also about connection,” said Delali Degbey. “It’s the baby and mom staying in sync, physically and emotionally. It’s not just about feeding or nutrition, it’s about relationship. And, as a society we need to re-learn to embrace and protect this early relationship while also remembering that every family’s journey is different. That balance is crucial! Breastfeeding is a choice, and it should come with support, not pressure.”

Resources to support breastfeeding in Minnesota

Minnesota Breastfeeding Coalition

Find an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC)

La Leche League International

Breastfeeding Information for Workplaces

Breastfeeding Friendly Locations Map

WIC Peer Breastfeeding Support Program

WIC’S Circle of Care for Breastfeeding Mothers